No one knows exactly how many Pagans are serving in the military. Like cats, Pagans disdain most attempts to organize or enumerate them. In 2005-2006 the Covenant of the Goddess, one of oldest and largest of the Wiccan organizations, conducted a poll of U.S. and Canadian Pagans. Of the 5000+ Pagans who responded, 6% indicated that they had military service records. In the Summer 2007 issue of NewWitch Magazine, Phil Brucato conducted an interview with Army Specialist Duncan Bennnan. In a sidebar accompanying the interview, Brucato estimated that1000-4000 Pagans are currently serving openly in our armed forces, and many more may have chosen to keep their religion private.
In a 2006 article on Witchvox Steph Urquhart suggests that the military is deliberately trying to block an official census of Pagans in the armed forces in order to justify the denial of religious accomodations. According to Urquhart, the media have been lead to believe that there are about 1,800 Pagans in uniform. However only the Air Force officially counts Pagans. They began keeping count in March 2001, but those numbers have been removed from public view. Urquhart says, “That means that the entire Pagan population of 1,800 service members hails exclusively from the Air Force count, leaving all other service branches, authorized personnel like dependent spouses, reservists, and veterans out of the count….If I multiply 1,800 by 5 {5 representing the Air Force, Marine Corps, Navy, Coast Guard, and Army} we get 9, 000 service members. And still that is without counting Pagan service members like me who are no longer active duty, dependent spouses, or reservists or National Guard, all of whom are eligible for religious accommodation and VA benefits. This also does not account for the actual average mean based on the relationship of possible ratios/percentages of Pagans based on the number of members per service branch.”
Urquhart asks, “Why have the service branches waited so long to count us? If the Department of Defense saw a need to publish two chapters in an Army Chaplain’s Handbook in the 1970s detailing the beliefs of Wicca and Gardnerian Wicca, how many Pagans do you suppose were actively known in the Army at that time? It indicates that Pagans were acknowledged on some level by the establishment for the last 30 years and it is known through various articles by publications such as the Stars and Stripes, through letters to commands, and requests by active duty members that our numbers and activities within the ranks have been growing steadily since that time.”
We may soon outnumber Jews and Muslims in the Armed Forces, but if we remain under reported, the Department of Defense can deny the need for Pagan Chaplains and make it difficult for Pagans get time, space, and supplies to celebrate religious rituals . For a decade the Department of Veteran Affairs successfully rejected the request for a Pagan symbol on military tombstones. On July 5, 2006, Donald Larsen petitioned to become the Army’s first Wiccan chaplain. Larsen was already a a Pentecostal Christian minister at Camp Anaconda, the largest U.S. support base in Iraq.
According to Alan Cooperman of the Washington Post, “[Larsen] says he was torn between Christianity’s exclusive claims about salvation and a “universalist streak” in his thinking. The Feb. 22, 2006, bombing of the Golden Mosque in Samarra, which collapsed the dome of a 1,200-year-old holy site and triggered revenge attacks between Shiite and Sunni militants, prompted a decision.”
Larsen “decided the religion that best matched his universalist vision was Wicca, a blend of witchcraft, feminism and nature worship with ancient pagan roots.”
The Army buried Larsen in red tape. “By year’s end,” Cooperman says, “his superiors not only denied his request but withdrew him from Iraq and the chaplain corps, despite an unblemished service record.”
Cooperman notes, “More than 130 religious groups have endorsed, or certified, chaplains to serve in uniform, but the Pentagon has denied efforts by Wiccan organizations to join the list.”
In future posts, I’ll look at some of the organizations who have been fighting for Pagan rights.
“Pagan at War” Phil Brocato, NewWitch Magazine, Summer 2007, http://www.newwitch.com/images/pdfs/nw15duncanbrennancolorforweb.pdf
“Politics, Politics. How a Popularity Contest has Sabotaged our Veteran’s Benefits,” Steph Urquhart, Witchvox,. July 2, 2006, http://www.witchvox.com/va/dt_va.html?a=usok&c=words&id=10947
“A Wiccan Army Chaplai? The Bras Wouldn’t Buy It” Alan Cooperman, Washington Post, February 24, 2007, http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003586870_wiccan24.html